Citation Help

Chicago Citation: Notes and Bibliography System

This guide refers to the Notes and Bibliography system of the Chicago citation style.
Most GRTS and CU classes require this style but make sure to clarify with your professor. 

General Guidelines

Below are some general formatting rules. For more details see the Chicago Manual of Style. 

  • 1" margins
  • 12 pt. font - Something readable such as Times New Roman
  • Double spaced (except for blocked quotes)
  • Each note and bibliography should be single-spaced but leave an extra space between them. 
  • Page numbers should begin in the header of the first page with the number 1. 
  • Include a Title Page with the title centered one third of the way down. Your name and class information should also be centered a few lines down. 
  • Footnotes should be listed at the bottom of the page. 
  • Should begin with "1" and follow consecutively throughout the paper. 
  • The number of the footnote should be superscript in the text but not in the note. 
  • Footnotes should be single-spaced and indented on the first line.
  • Label your list of references "Bibliography" on the top of the page. 
  • Sources should be double spaced. 
  • List sources alphabetically.
  • Use hanging-indent function.

Examples

***Below examples are taken directly from the
Chicago Manual of Style Online.***

Book

Notes

1. Zadie Smith, Swing Time (New York: Penguin Press, 2016), 315–16.

2. Brian Grazer and Charles Fishman, A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), 12.

Shortened notes

3. Smith, Swing Time, 320.

4. Grazer and Fishman, Curious Mind, 37.

Bibliography entries (in alphabetical order)

Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015.

Smith, Zadie. Swing Time. New York: Penguin Press, 2016.

 

eBook

For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the notes, if any (or simply omit).

Notes

1. Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1851), 627, http://mel.hofstra.edu/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html.

2. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), chap. 10, doc. 19, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.

3. Brooke Borel, The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016), 92, ProQuest Ebrary.

4. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (New York: Penguin Classics, 2007), chap. 3, Kindle.

Shortened notes

5. Melville, Moby-Dick, 722–23.

6. Kurland and Lerner, Founders’ Constitution, chap. 4, doc. 29.

7. Borel, Fact-Checking, 104–5.

8. Austen, Pride and Prejudice, chap. 14.

Bibliography entries (in alphabetical order)

Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics, 2007. Kindle.

Borel, Brooke. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016. ProQuest Ebrary.

Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.

Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1851. http://mel.hofstra.edu/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html.

For many more examples, covering virtually every type of book, see 14.100–163 in The Chicago Manual of Style.

***Below examples are taken directly from the
Chicago Manual of Style Online***

Journal Articles

In a note, cite specific page numbers. In the bibliography, include the page range for the whole article. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.

Notes

1. Susan Satterfield, “Livy and the Pax Deum,” Classical Philology 111, no. 2 (April 2016): 170.

2. Shao-Hsun Keng, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem, “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality,” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 9–10, https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

3. Peter LaSalle, “Conundrum: A Story about Reading,” New England Review38, no. 1 (2017): 95, Project MUSE.

Shortened notes

4. Satterfield, “Livy,” 172–73.

5. Keng, Lin, and Orazem, “Expanding College Access,” 23.

6. LaSalle, “Conundrum,” 101.

Bibliography entries (in alphabetical order)

Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

LaSalle, Peter. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38, no. 1 (2017): 95–109. Project MUSE.

Satterfield, Susan. “Livy and the Pax Deum.” Classical Philology 111, no. 2 (April 2016): 165–76.

Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the bibliography; in a note, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the bibliography, followed by et al.

Note

7. Rachel A. Bay et al., “Predicting Responses to Contemporary Environmental Change Using Evolutionary Response Architectures,” American Naturalist 189, no. 5 (May 2017): 465, https://doi.org/10.1086/691233.

Shortened note

8. Bay et al., “Predicting Responses,” 466.

Bibliography entry

Bay, Rachael A., Noah Rose, Rowan Barrett, Louis Bernatchez, Cameron K. Ghalambor, Jesse R. Lasky, Rachel B. Brem, Stephen R. Palumbi, and Peter Ralph. “Predicting Responses to Contemporary Environmental Change Using Evolutionary Response Architectures,” American Naturalist 189, no. 5 (May 2017): 463–73. https://doi.org/10.1086/691233.

For more examples, see 14.168–87 in The Chicago Manual of Style.

***Below examples are taken directly from the
Chicago Manual of Style Online***

Websites

It is often sufficient simply to describe web pages and other website content in the text (“As of May 1, 2017, Yale’s home page listed . . .”). If a more formal citation is needed, it may be styled like the examples below. For a source that does not list a date of publication or revision, include an access date (as in example note 2).

Notes

1. “Privacy Policy,” Privacy & Terms, Google, last modified April 17, 2017, https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.

2. “About Yale: Yale Facts,” Yale University, accessed May 1, 2017, https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

3. Katie Bouman, “How to Take a Picture of a Black Hole,” filmed November 2016 at TEDxBeaconStreet, Brookline, MA, video, 12:51, https://www.ted.com/talks/katie_bouman_what_does_a_black_hole_look_like.

Shortened notes

4. Google, “Privacy Policy.”

5. “Yale Facts.”

6. Bouman, “Black Hole.”

Bibliography entries (in alphabetical order)

Bouman, Katie. “How to Take a Picture of a Black Hole.” Filmed November 2016 at TEDxBeaconStreet, Brookline, MA. Video, 12:51. https://www.ted.com/talks/katie_bouman_what_does_a_black_hole_look_like.

Google. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Last modified April 17, 2017. https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.

Yale University. “About Yale: Yale Facts.” Accessed May 1, 2017. https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

For more examples, see 14.205–10 in The Chicago Manual of Style. For multimedia, including live performances, see 14.261–68.

***Below examples are taken from the 
Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed. 14.232-14.234*** 

Reference Works

Well-known reference books, such as major dictionaries and encyclopedias, are normally cited in notes rather than bibliographies. If a physical edition is cited, not only the edition number (if not the first) but also the date the volume or set was issued must be specified. 

Notes

1. Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th ed. (1980), s.v. "salvation."

2. Oxford English Dicationary, 2nd ed. (CD-ROM, version 4.0, 2009), s.v. "hoot(e)nanny, hootananny."

Most other reference works, however, are more appropriately listed with full publication details like any other book reference.

 

Notes

4. The Times Style and Usage Guide, comp. Tim Austin (London: Times Books, 2003), s.vv. "police ranks," "postal addresses."

5. MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed. (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2008), 6.8.2
 

Bibliography

Diccionario de historia de Venezuela. 2nd ed. 4 vols. Caracas: Fundacion Polar, 1997.

Garner, Bryan A. Garner's Modern English Usage. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.

***Below examples are taken from the
Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed. 14.238-14.241***

Bible Chapter and Verse
References to the Jewish or Christian scriptures usually appear in text citations or notes rather than in bibliographies. Parenthetical or note references to the Bible should include book (in roman and usually abbreviated), chapter, and verse - never a page number. A colon is used between chapter and verse. Note that the traditional abbreviations use periods but the shorter forms do not. 

Traditional abbreviations: 

4. 1 Thess. 4:11, 5:2-5, 5:14.
5. Heb. 13:8, 13:12.
6. Gen. 25:19-36:43.

Shorter abbreviations:

7. 2 Sm 11:1-17, 11:26-27, 1 Chr 10:13-14. 
8. Jo 5:9-12; Mt 26:2-5.

Versions of the Bible.
Since books and numbering are not identical in different versions, it is essential to identify which version is being cited. For a work intended for general readers, the version should be spelled out, at least on first occurrence. For specialists, abbreviations may be used throughout.

6. 2 Kings 11:8 (New Revised Standard Version).
7. 1 Cor. 6:1-10 (NRSV).

 

Other sacred works. 

References to the sacred and revered works of other religious traditions may, according to context, be treated in a manner similar to those of biblical or classical works. Citations of transliterated texts should indicate the name of the version or translator. The Koran (or Qur'an) is set in roman, and citations of its sections use arabic numerals and colons (e.g., Koran 19:17-21). Such collective terms as the Vedas or the Upanishads are normally capitalized and set in roman, but particular parts are italicized (e.g. the Rig-Veda or the Brihad-Aranyaka Upanishad). For athoritative usage, consult History of Religions, an international journal for comparative historical studies. 

Chicago Manual of Style

About Chicago Style

The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) author-date. Choosing between the two often depends on subject matter and the nature of sources cited, as each system is favored by different groups of scholars.

The notes and bibliography style is preferred by many in the humanities, including those in literature, history, and the arts. This style presents bibliographic information in notes and, often, a bibliography. It accommodates a variety of sources, including esoteric ones less appropriate to the author-date system.

The author-date system has long been used by those in the physical, natural, and social sciences. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author’s last name and date of publication. The short citations are amplified in a list of references, where full bibliographic information is provided.

Taken from the Chicago Manual of Style Online

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